如何在 Ubuntu 22.04 (LEMP) 上用 Nginx 安装和配置 Laravel

1sudo apt update

1sudo apt install php-mbstring php-xml php-bcmath php-curl

1sudo mysql

1CREATE DATABASE travellist;

1CREATE USER 'travellist_user'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'password';

1GRANT ALL ON travellist.* TO 'travellist_user'@'%';

1exit

1mysql -u travellist_user -p

1SHOW DATABASES;

1[secondary_label Output]
2+--------------------+
3| Database           |
4+--------------------+
5| information_schema |
6| travellist        |
7+--------------------+
82 rows in set (0.01 sec)

1CREATE TABLE travellist.places (
2    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT,
3    name VARCHAR(255),
4    visited BOOLEAN,
5    PRIMARY KEY(id)
6);

 1INSERT INTO travellist.places (name, visited) 
 2VALUES ("Tokyo", false),
 3("Budapest", true),
 4("Nairobi", false),
 5("Berlin", true),
 6("Lisbon", true),
 7("Denver", false),
 8("Moscow", false),
 9("Olso", false),
10("Rio", true),
11("Cincinnati", false),
12("Helsinki", false);

1SELECT * FROM travellist.places;

 1[secondary_label Output]
 2+----+-----------+---------+
 3| id | name      | visited |
 4+----+-----------+---------+
 5|  1 | Tokyo     |       0 |
 6|  2 | Budapest  |       1 |
 7|  3 | Nairobi   |       0 |
 8|  4 | Berlin    |       1 |
 9|  5 | Lisbon    |       1 |
10|  6 | Denver    |       0 |
11|  7 | Moscow    |       0 |
12|  8 | Oslo      |       0 |
13|  9 | Rio       |       1 |
14| 10 | Cincinnati|       0 |
15| 11 | Helsinki  |       0 |
16+----+-----------+---------+
1711 rows in set (0.00 sec)

1exit

1cd ~

1composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel travellist

 1[secondary_label Output]
 2Creating a "laravel/laravel" project at "./travellist"
 3Installing laravel/laravel (v9.1.5)
 4  - Installing laravel/laravel (v9.1.5): Extracting archive
 5Created project in /home/sammy/travellist
 6> @php -r "file_exists('.env') || copy('.env.example', '.env');"
 7Loading composer repositories with package information
 8Updating dependencies
 9. . .
10Package manifest generated successfully.
1178 packages you are using are looking for funding.
12Use the `composer fund` command to find out more!
13> @php artisan vendor:publish --tag=laravel-assets --ansi --force
14No publishable resources for tag [laravel-assets].
15Publishing complete.
16> @php artisan key:generate --ansi
17Application key set successfully.
18. . .

1cd travellist
2php artisan

 1[secondary_label Output]
 2Laravel Framework 9.8.1
 3
 4Usage:
 5  command [options] [arguments]
 6
 7Options:
 8  -h, --help Display help for the given command. When no command is given display help for the list command
 9  -q, --quiet Do not output any message
10  -V, --version Display this application version
11      --ansi|--no-ansi Force (or disable --no-ansi) ANSI output
12  -n, --no-interaction Do not ask any interactive question
13      --env[=ENV]       The environment the command should run under
14  -v|vv|vvv, --verbose Increase the verbosity of messages: 1 for normal output, 2 for more verbose output and 3 for debug
15. . .

1nano .env

 1[label /var/www/travellist/.env]
 2APP_NAME=TravelList
 3APP_ENV=development
 4APP_KEY=APPLICATION_UNIQUE_KEY_DONT_COPY
 5APP_DEBUG=true
 6APP_URL=http://domain_or_IP
 7
 8LOG_CHANNEL=stack
 9
10DB_CONNECTION=mysql
11DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
12DB_PORT=3306
13DB_DATABASE=travellist
14DB_USERNAME=travellist_user
15DB_PASSWORD=password
16
17. . .

1sudo mv ~/travellist /var/www/travellist

1sudo chown -R www-data.www-data /var/www/travellist/storage
2sudo chown -R www-data.www-data /var/www/travellist/bootstrap/cache

1sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/travellist

 1[label /etc/nginx/sites-available/travellist]
 2server {
 3    listen 80;
 4    server_name server_domain_or_IP;
 5    root /var/www/travellist/public;
 6
 7    add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
 8    add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
 9    add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff";
10
11    index index.html index.htm index.php;
12
13    charset utf-8;
14
15    location / {
16        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
17    }
18
19    location = /favicon.ico { access_log off; log_not_found off; }
20    location = /robots.txt  { access_log off; log_not_found off; }
21
22    error_page 404 /index.php;
23
24    location ~ \.php$ {
25        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php8.1-fpm.sock;
26        fastcgi_index index.php;
27        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $realpath_root$fastcgi_script_name;
28        include fastcgi_params;
29    }
30
31    location ~ /\.(?!well-known).* {
32        deny all;
33    }
34}

1sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/travellist /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

1sudo nginx -t

1[secondary_label Output]
2nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
3nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

1sudo systemctl reload nginx

1http://server_domain_or_IP

1nano routes/web.php

 1[label routes/web.php]
 2<?php
 3
 4/*
 5|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 6| Web Routes
 7|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 8|
 9| Here is where you can register web routes for your application. These
10| routes are loaded by the RouteServiceProvider within a group which
11| contains the "web" middleware group. Now create something great!
12|
13*/
14
15Route::get('/', function () {
16    return view('welcome');
17});

 1[label routes/web.php]
 2<?php
 3
 4use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
 5
 6Route::get('/', function () {
 7  $visited = DB::select('select * from places where visited = ?', [1]);	
 8  $togo = DB::select('select * from places where visited = ?', [0]);
 9
10  return view('travellist', ['visited' => $visited, 'togo' => $togo ] );
11});

1nano resources/views/travellist.blade.php

 1[label resources/views/travellist/blade.php]
 2<html>
 3<head>
 4    <title>Travel List</title>
 5</head>
 6
 7<body>
 8    <h1>My Travel Bucket List</h1>
 9    <h2>Places I'd Like to Visit</h2>
10    <ul>
11      @foreach ($togo as $newplace)
12    	<li>{{ $newplace->name }}</li>
13      @endforeach
14    </ul>
15
16    <h2>Places I've Already Been To</h2>
17    <ul>
18          @foreach ($visited as $place)
19                <li>{{ $place->name }}</li>
20          @endforeach
21    </ul>
22</body>
23</html>