由于不太喜欢ORACLE的EXP，因为他的结果不能转为文本，
而且由于metadata没有安装，所以get_ddl不能成功，
最近没有看到有类似informix的dbschema的工具，所以就自己写了个脚本
还是比较幼稚，目前还不能处理视图、同义名、存储过程，
希望大家多提意见，使他能更好的服务客户

涉及的系统表
1. User_tables 用户表
2. User_tab_columns 用户表的字段
3. User_view 用户视图
4. User_indexes 用户表的索引
5. User_ind_columns 用户表字段的索引
6. User_constraints 用户表的限定
7. User_cons_columns 用户表字段的限定

使用方法
dbschema.sh
功能：
根据一个数据库或表名来卸载结构，并在当前目录中生成对应的数据结构文件，包含表结构、主键、外键、索引等。
语法：
dbschema.sh userid/passwd[@connection][table_name]
userid/passwd[@oracle_sid]: 登录数据库的信息
tablename : 卸载的表名[可选]
举例说明：
dbschema.sh test/test@testdb
逐个处理该用户的表，在当前目录中生成test.sql脚本。
dbschema.sh test/test@testdb TT
处理test用户的tt表，在当前目录中生成tt.sql脚本。

脚本说明

#!/usr/bin/ksh
################################################################################

模块: dbschema.sh

描述: 根据一个数据库或表名来获取相应的结构脚本

参数 1 = 用户名/密码[@实例名]

参数 2 = 表名/视图名(可选)

作者 Bing He

修改记录

日期 修改人 修改描述

10/20/2003 Bing He 开始编写

################################################################################

################################################################################
##-- 局部变量定义
lv_argc=0 #命令行入参个数
lv_loginfo="" #命令行中的登录信息
lv_table_name="" #命令行中的表名信息
lv_filename="" #输出的文件名
lv_tab_number=0 #需要处理的表的个数
lv_sep='|' #分隔符
lv_grid_str="\t" #输出的距行首的空格
lv_deal_table="" #当前处理的表
lv_file_temp1="get_ddl.temp1" #临时文件名
lv_file_temp2="get_ddl.temp2" #临时文件名
lv_file_temp3="get_ddl.temp3" #临时文件名
lv_file_tab_col="get_ddl.col1" #临时文件名
lv_file_tab_con="get_ddl.con1" #临时文件名
lv_file_col_con="get_ddl.con2" #临时文件名
lv_file_tab_ind="get_ddl.ind1" #临时文件名
lv_file_col_ind="get_ddl.ind2" #临时文件名
################################################################################

################################################################################
##-- 检查用户名密码的权限
f_check_userid()
{
sqlplus ${lv_loginfo} <

/dev/null
set echo off;
set heading off;
desc user_tables;
exit
!
if [ "$?" -ne 0 ]
then
echo "Error:f_check_userid failed."
echo " Please check the username/passwd=[${lv_loginfo}]."
exit
fi
}
################################################################################

################################################################################
##-- 检查表是否存在
f_check_tablename()
{
sqlplus ${lv_loginfo} <

/dev/null
set echo off;
set heading off;
spool ${lv_file_temp1}
select count(*) from user_tables where table_name='${lv_table_name}';
spool off
exit
!
if [ "$?" -ne 0 ]
then
echo "Error:f_check_tablename failed."
echo " Please check the [${lv_table_name}]."
exit
fi
lv_number=cat ${lv_file_temp1}|grep -v "^SQL>"|grep -v "^$"|grep -v "rows selected
if [ ${lv_number} -eq 0 ]
then
echo "Error:f_check_tablenaem failed."
echo " Please check the table [${lv_table_name}] in [${lv_loginfo}]."
exit
fi
}
################################################################################

################################################################################
##-- 初始化输出文件
f_generate_file()
{
if [ ${lv_argc} -eq 1 ]
then
lv_str=echo ${lv_loginfo}|cut -d"/" -f1| tr "[:upper:]" "[:lower:]"
lv_str_main="Structure For User ${lv_str}"
else
lv_str=echo ${lv_table_name}| tr "[:upper:]" "[:lower:]"
lv_str_main="Structure For Table ${lv_str}"
fi
lv_filename_drop_index="${lv_str}.drop_index"
lv_filename_drop_foreign="${lv_str}.drop_foreign"
lv_filename_drop_table="${lv_str}.drop_table"
lv_filename_create_table="${lv_str}.create_table"
lv_filename_create_foreign="${lv_str}.create_foreign"
lv_filename="${lv_str}.sql"
rm -f ${lv_filename_drop_index}
rm -f ${lv_filename_drop_foreign}
rm -f ${lv_filename_drop_table}
rm -f ${lv_filename_create_table}
rm -f ${lv_filename_create_foreign}
rm -f ${lv_filename}

##--生成基础数据
lv_str1="------------------------------------------------------------------"
echo "\n"${lv_str1} >> ${lv_filename_drop_index}
echo "--** 第一步: 删除索引 **--" >> ${lv_filename_drop_index}
echo ${lv_str1}"\n" >> ${lv_filename_drop_index}

lv_str1="------------------------------------------------------------------"
echo "\n"${lv_str1} >> ${lv_filename_drop_foreign}
echo "--** 第二步: 删除外键 **--" >> ${lv_filename_drop_foreign}
echo ${lv_str1}"\n" >> ${lv_filename_drop_foreign}

lv_str1="------------------------------------------------------------------"
echo "\n"${lv_str1} >> ${lv_filename_drop_table}
echo "--** 第三步: 删除表 **--" >> ${lv_filename_drop_table}
echo ${lv_str1}"\n" >> ${lv_filename_drop_table}

lv_str1="------------------------------------------------------------------"
echo "\n"${lv_str1} >> ${lv_filename_create_table}
echo "--** 第四步: 创建表结构,主键,索引**--" >> ${lv_filename_create_table}
echo ${lv_str1} >> ${lv_filename_create_table}

lv_str1="------------------------------------------------------------------"
echo "\n"${lv_str1} >> ${lv_filename_create_foreign}
echo "--** 第五步: 创建外键 **--" >> ${lv_filename_create_foreign}
echo ${lv_str1}"\n" >> ${lv_filename_create_foreign}

lv_str1="------------------------------------------------------------------"
echo "\n"${lv_str1} >> ${lv_filename}
echo "--** DESC :${lv_str_main}" >> ${lv_filename}
echo "--** AUTHOR:Bing He" >> ${lv_filename}
echo "--** DATE :20`date +%y-%m-%d" >> ${lv_filename}
echo ${lv_str1}"\n" >> ${lv_filename}

}
################################################################################

################################################################################
##-- 获取用户下的表列表
f_get_tables()
{
rm -f ${lv_file_temp1}
sqlplus ${lv_loginfo} <

/dev/null
set colsep ${lv_sep};
set echo off;
set feedback off;
set heading off;
set pagesize 0;
set linesize 1000;
set numwidth 12;
set termout off;
set trimout on;
set trimspool on;
spool ${lv_file_temp1};
select table_name from user_tables;
spool off;
exit
!
if [ "$?" -ne 0 ] ; then
echo "Usage:f_get_tables failed."
exit
fi

if [ -f ${lv_file_temp1} ]
then
lv_table_name=cat ${lv_file_temp1} |grep -v "^SQL>" | tr -d ' '| tr "[:lower:]" "[:upper:]"
echo ${lv_table_name} > 1.out
else
echo "Error:f_get_tables failed.${lv_file_temp1} file not found!"
exit
fi
rm -f ${lv_file_temp1}
}
################################################################################

################################################################################
##-- 生成表的基本结构
f_generate_tab_column()
{
lv_str1="------------------------------------------------------------------"
lv_str2="--Table: ${lv_deal_table}--"
lv_str3="create table ${lv_deal_table} ("
lv_str4=") tablespace "${lv_tab_tablespace_name}";"
lv_col_name=""
lv_col_nullable=""
lv_col_data_type=""
lv_col_data_length=""
lv_col_data_precision=""
lv_col_data_scale=""

echo "\n\n"${lv_str1} >> ${lv_filename_create_table}
echo ${lv_str2} >> ${lv_filename_create_table}
echo ${lv_str1}"\n" >> ${lv_filename_create_table}
echo ${lv_str3} >> ${lv_filename_create_table}
lv_tab_col_rows=wc -l ${lv_file_tab_col}
lv_index=1
for lv_line_info in cat ${lv_file_tab_col}|sed -e "s/ /\~/g"
do
lv_col_name=echo ${lv_line_info}|awk -F'|' '{print $2}'
lv_col_nullable=echo ${lv_line_info}|awk -F'|' '{print $3}'
lv_col_data_type=echo ${lv_line_info}|awk -F'|' '{print $4}'
lv_col_data_length=echo ${lv_line_info}|awk -F'|' '{print $5}'
lv_col_data_precision=echo ${lv_line_info}|awk -F'|' '{print $6}'
lv_col_data_scale=echo ${lv_line_info}|awk -F'|' '{print $7}'

lv_str5=${lv_grid_str}${lv_col_name}${lv_grid_str}${lv_col_data_type}"("${lv_col_data_length}")"
if [ ${lv_col_data_type} = "DATE" ]
then
lv_str5=${lv_grid_str}${lv_col_name}${lv_grid_str}${lv_col_data_type}
fi
if [ ${lv_col_data_type} = "LONG~RAW" ]
then
lv_str5=${lv_grid_str}${lv_col_name}${lv_grid_str}"LONG RAW"
fi
if [ ${lv_col_data_type} = "NUMBER" ]
then
if [ "X"${lv_col_data_precision} = "X" ]
then
lv_str5=${lv_grid_str}${lv_col_name}${lv_grid_str}${lv_col_data_type}
else
lv_str5=${lv_grid_str}${lv_col_name}${lv_grid_str}${lv_col_data_type}"("${lv_col_data_precision}","${lv_col_data_scale}")"
fi
fi
if [ ${lv_col_nullable} = 'N' ]
then
lv_str5=${lv_str5}${lv_grid_str}"NOT NULL"
fi
if [ ${lv_index} -eq ${lv_tab_col_rows} ]
then
#echo ${lv_str5} >> ${lv_filename}
echo ${lv_str5} >> ${lv_filename_create_table}
else
#echo ${lv_str5}"," >> ${lv_filename}
echo ${lv_str5}"," >> ${lv_filename_create_table}
fi
lv_index=expr ${lv_index} + 1
done

#echo ${lv_str4} >> ${lv_filename}
echo ${lv_str4} >> ${lv_filename_create_table}
#rm -f ${lv_file_tab_col}
}
################################################################################

################################################################################
##-- 获得表的限定
f_generate_tab_constraint()
{
lv_constraint_name=""
lv_constraint_type=""
lv_r_constraint_name=""
lv_search_condition=""
lv_str1="alter table ${lv_deal_table} add constraint "
for lineinfo in cat ${lv_file_tab_con}|sed -e "s/ /\~/g"
do
lv_constraint_name=echo ${lineinfo}|awk -F'|' '{print $1}'
lv_constraint_type=echo ${lineinfo}|awk -F'|' '{print $2}'
lv_r_constraint_name=echo ${lineinfo}|awk -F'|' '{print $3}'
lv_search_condition=echo ${lineinfo}|awk -F'|' '{print $4}'
lv_str2=""
#echo ${lv_search_condition}
if [ ${lv_constraint_type} = "P" ]
then
sqlplus ${lv_loginfo} <

/dev/null
set echo off;
set heading off;
spool ${lv_file_temp2}
select position||'|'||column_name||'|' from user_cons_columns where table_name='${lv_deal_table}' and constraint_name='${lv_constraint_name}' order by position;
spool off;
exit
!
cat ${lv_file_temp2}|grep -v "^SQL>"|grep -v "^$"|grep -v "rows selected" > ${lv_file_col_con}
lv_col_rows=wc -l ${lv_file_col_con}
lv_index=1
for col_line in cat ${lv_file_col_con}
do
lv_str3=echo ${col_line}|awk -F'|' '{print $2}'
if [ ${lv_index} -eq ${lv_col_rows} ]
then
lv_str2=${lv_str2}${lv_str3}
else
lv_str2=${lv_str2}${lv_str3}","
fi
lv_index=expr ${lv_index} + 1
done
lv_str2=${lv_str1}${lv_constraint_name}" primary key ("${lv_str2}");"
echo ${lv_str2} >> ${lv_filename_create_table}
fi
if [ ${lv_constraint_type} = "C" ]
then
lv_str2=${lv_str1}${lv_constraint_name}" check ("echo ${lv_search_condition}|sed -e "s/\~/ /g"");"
echo ${lv_str2} >> ${lv_filename_create_table}
fi
if [ ${lv_constraint_type} = "R" ]
then
#lv_str2=${lv_str1}${lv_constraint_name}" check ("echo ${lv_search_condition}|sed -e "s/\~/ /g"")"
##-- 获取本表的外键字段 --##
sqlplus ${lv_loginfo} <

/dev/null
set echo off;
set heading off;
spool ${lv_file_temp2}
select position||'|'||column_name||'|' from user_cons_columns where table_name='${lv_deal_table}' and constraint_name='${lv_constraint_name}' order by position;
spool off;
exit
!
cat ${lv_file_temp2}|grep -v "^SQL>"|grep -v "^$"|grep -v "rows selected" > ${lv_file_col_con}
lv_col_rows=wc -l ${lv_file_col_con}
lv_index=1
for col_line in cat ${lv_file_col_con}
do
lv_str3=echo ${col_line}|awk -F'|' '{print $2}'
if [ ${lv_index} -eq ${lv_col_rows} ]
then
lv_str2=${lv_str2}${lv_str3}
else
lv_str2=${lv_str2}${lv_str3}","
fi
lv_index=expr ${lv_index} + 1
done
lv_str2="${lv_str1}${lv_constraint_name} foreign key (${lv_str2}) "

##--获取外键的字段信息--##
sqlplus ${lv_loginfo} <

/dev/null
set echo off;
set heading off;
spool ${lv_file_temp3}
select position||'|'||table_name||'|'||column_name from user_cons_columns where constraint_name='${lv_r_constraint_name}' order by position;
spool off;
exit
!
cat ${lv_file_temp3}|grep -v "^SQL>"|grep -v "^$"|grep -v "rows selected" > ${lv_file_col_con}
lv_col_rows=wc -l ${lv_file_col_con}
lv_index=1
lv_str4=""
for col_line in cat ${lv_file_col_con}
do
if [ ${lv_index} -eq 1 ]
then
lv_str6=echo ${col_line}|awk -F'|' '{print $2}'
fi
lv_str5=echo ${col_line}|awk -F'|' '{print $3}'
if [ ${lv_index} -eq ${lv_col_rows} ]
then
lv_str4=${lv_str4}${lv_str5}
else
lv_str4=${lv_str4}${lv_str5}","
fi
lv_index=expr ${lv_index} + 1
done
lv_str2="${lv_str2} references ${lv_str6} (${lv_str4});"
echo "alter table ${lv_deal_table} drop constraint ${lv_constraint_name};" >> ${lv_filename_drop_foreign}
echo ${lv_str2} >> ${lv_filename_create_foreign}
fi
#echo ${lv_str2} >> ${lv_filename}
#echo ${lv_str2} >> ${lv_filename_create_table}
done
}
################################################################################

################################################################################
##-- 获取表的索引信息
f_generate_tab_index()
{
lv_tab_ind_name=""
lv_tab_ind_uniqueness=""
lv_tab_ind_tablespace=""
for lineinfo in cat ${lv_file_tab_ind}
do
lv_tab_ind_name=echo ${lineinfo}|awk -F'|' '{print $1}'
lv_tab_ind_uniqueness=echo ${lineinfo}|awk -F'|' '{print $2}'
lv_tab_ind_tablespace=echo ${lineinfo}|awk -F'|' '{print $3}'
lv_str2=""
sqlplus ${lv_loginfo} <

/dev/null
set echo off;
set heading off;
spool ${lv_file_temp2}
select column_position||'|'||column_name||'|'||descend from user_ind_columns where table_name='${lv_deal_table}' and index_name='${lv_tab_ind_name}' order by column_position;
spool off;
exit
!
cat ${lv_file_temp2}|grep -v "^SQL>"|grep -v "^$"|grep -v "rows selected" > ${lv_file_col_ind}
lv_col_rows=wc -l ${lv_file_col_ind}
lv_index=1
for col_line in cat ${lv_file_col_ind}
do
lv_str3=echo ${col_line}|awk -F'|' '{print $2}'
lv_str4=echo ${col_line}|awk -F'|' '{print $3}'
if [ ${lv_index} -eq ${lv_col_rows} ]
then
lv_str2=${lv_str2}${lv_str3}" "${lv_str4}
else
lv_str2=${lv_str2}${lv_str3}" "${lv_str4}","
fi
lv_index=expr ${lv_index} + 1
done
if [ ${lv_tab_ind_uniqueness} = "NONUNIQUE" ]
then
lv_str2="create index ${lv_tab_ind_name} on ${lv_deal_table} ("${lv_str2}") tablespace "${lv_tab_ind_tablespace}";"
else
lv_str2="create ${lv_tab_ind_uniqueness} index ${lv_tab_ind_name} on ${lv_deal_table} ("${lv_str2}") tablespace "${lv_tab_ind_tablespace}";"
fi
#echo ${lv_str2} >> ${lv_filename}
echo "drop index ${lv_tab_ind_name};" >> ${lv_filename_drop_index}
echo ${lv_str2} >> ${lv_filename_create_table}
done
}
################################################################################

################################################################################
##-- 获取单表的信息,并输出到指定文件中
f_get_tab_info()
{
lv_tab_tablespace_name=""
lv_tab_initial_extent=""
lv_tab_next_extent=""
lv_tab_min_extents=""
lv_tab_max_extents=""
lv_tab_pct_increase=""

##*************************************************************##
##获取user_table中表的信息
sqlplus ${lv_loginfo} <

/dev/null
set echo off;
set heading off;
spool ${lv_file_temp1}
select tablespace_name||'|'||initial_extent||'|'||next_extent||'|'||min_extents||'|'||max_extents||'|'||pct_increase||'|' from user_tables where table_name='${lv_deal_table}';
spool off;
exit
!
lv_str=cat ${lv_file_temp1} |grep -v "^SQL>" | grep -v "rows selected"|tr -d ' '
lv_tab_tablespace_name=echo ${lv_str}|awk -F'|' '{print $1}'
lv_tab_initial_extent=echo ${lv_str}|awk -F'|' '{print $2}'
lv_tab_next_extents=echo ${lv_str}|awk -F'|' '{print $3}'
lv_tab_min_extents=echo ${lv_str}|awk -F'|' '{print $4}'
lv_tab_max_extents=echo ${lv_str}|awk -F'|' '{print $5}'
lv_tab_pct_increase=echo ${lv_str}|awk -F'|' '{print $6}'

##*************************************************************##
##获取user_tab_columns表信息

rm -f ${lv_file_temp1}
sqlplus ${lv_loginfo} <

/dev/null
set echo off;
set heading off;
spool ${lv_file_temp1}
select column_id||'|'||column_name||'|'||nullable||'|'||data_type||'|'||data_length||'|'||data_precision||'|'||data_scale||'|' from user_tab_columns where table_name='${lv_deal_table}' order by column_id;
spool off;
exit
!
cat ${lv_file_temp1}|grep -v "^SQL>"|grep -v "^$"|grep -v "rows selected" > ${lv_file_tab_col}

f_generate_tab_column

rm -f ${lv_file_temp1}
rm -f ${lv_file_tab_col}

##*************************************************************##

####
##获取user_constraints表信息
####
rm -f ${lv_file_temp1}
sqlplus ${lv_loginfo} <

/dev/null
set colsep ${lv_sep};
set echo off;
set feedback off;
set heading off;
set pagesize 0;
set linesize 1000;
set numwidth 12;
set termout off;
set trimout on;
set trimspool on;
spool ${lv_file_temp1};
select constraint_name,constraint_type,r_constraint_name,search_condition from user_constraints where table_name='${lv_deal_table}' and generated='USER NAME' order by constraint_type;
spool off;
exit
!
cat ${lv_file_temp1}|grep -v "^SQL>"|grep -v "^$"|grep -v "rows selected"|sed "s/$/|/g" |sed -e "s/ *|/|/g" > ${lv_file_tab_con}

if [ -s ${lv_file_tab_con} ]
then
f_generate_tab_constraint
fi

rm -f ${lv_file_temp1}
rm -f ${lv_file_tab_con}

####
##获取user_indexes表信息
####
rm -f ${lv_file_temp1}
sqlplus ${lv_loginfo} <

/dev/null
set colsep ${lv_sep};
set echo off;
set feedback off;
set heading off;
set pagesize 0;
set linesize 1000;
set numwidth 12;
set termout off;
set trimout on;
set trimspool on;
spool ${lv_file_temp1};
select index_name,uniqueness,tablespace_name from user_indexes where table_name='${lv_deal_table}' and index_name not in(select constraint_name from user_constraints where table_name='${lv_deal_table}');
spool off;
exit
!
cat ${lv_file_temp1}|grep -v "^SQL>"|grep -v "^$"|grep -v "rows selected"|sed "s/$/|/g" |sed -e "s/ *|/|/g" > ${lv_file_tab_ind}

if [ -s ${lv_file_tab_ind} ]
then
f_generate_tab_index
fi

rm -f ${lv_file_temp1}
rm -f ${lv_file_temp2}
rm -f ${lv_file_temp3}
rm -f ${lv_file_tab_col}
rm -f ${lv_file_col_con}
rm -f ${lv_file_tab_ind}
rm -f ${lv_file_col_ind}

}
################################################################################

################################################################################
##-- 主程序登录
lv_argc=$#
case ${lv_argc} in
1 )
lv_loginfo=echo $1| tr "[:lower:]" "[:upper:]"
f_check_userid
f_get_tables
f_generate_file
;;
2 )
lv_loginfo=echo $1| tr "[:upper:]" "[:lower:]"
lv_table_name=echo $2| tr "[:lower:]" "[:upper:]"
f_check_userid
f_check_tablename
f_generate_file
;;

• )
  echo "Usage:$0 username/passwd[@sid] [tablename]"
  echo " username/passwd[@sid] 登录名/密码[@实例名]"
  echo " tablename [表名]"
  echo " 带[]的表示可选"
  exit
  ;;
  esac

##删除表的信息生成
for lv_deal_table in ${lv_table_name}
do
echo "drop table ${lv_deal_table} cascade constraints;" >> ${lv_filename_drop_table}
lv_tab_number=expr ${lv_tab_number} + 1
done

##准备处理
lv_tab_index=1
for lv_deal_table in ${lv_table_name}
do
echo "[${lv_tab_index}/${lv_tab_number}]:${lv_deal_table}"
f_get_tab_info
lv_tab_index=expr ${lv_tab_index} + 1
done

##综合数据

##--删除索引
cat ${lv_filename_drop_index} >> ${lv_filename}

##--删除外键
cat ${lv_filename_drop_foreign} >> ${lv_filename}

##--删除删除表
cat ${lv_filename_drop_table} >> ${lv_filename}

##--创建表,主键,索引
cat ${lv_filename_create_table} >> ${lv_filename}

##--创建外键
cat ${lv_filename_create_foreign} >> ${lv_filename}

rm -f ${lv_filename_drop_index}
rm -f ${lv_filename_drop_foreign}
rm -f ${lv_filename_drop_table}
rm -f ${lv_filename_create_table}
rm -f ${lv_filename_create_foreign}