设计模式之工厂方法(FACTORY METHOD))(一)

** 工厂方法 ** ** **

T HE F ACTORY M ETHOD ** **

我们已经学会了 简单工厂模式 (Simple Factory Pattern) , 工厂( factory )思想贯穿于整个面向对象编程( OOP )以及其他一些设计模式的始终。如:生成器 ( Builder ) 模式。其间,一个单一的类扮演类似交通警察的角色,决定哪一个单一层次上的子类将被实例化。

工厂方法模式( Factory Method pattern )是对 工厂( factory )思想进行了巧妙的延伸,它使得将超类的实例化延迟到它的每一个子类。这个模式没有具体的指出延迟到哪一个子类,而是定义一个抽象类创建对象,让其子类决定创建哪一个对象。

下面是一个简单的例子,在一个游泳比赛中如何确定游泳运动员的泳道。按照运动员的成绩排列决赛事的分组,速度越快所分的小组的决赛的次序越靠后,反之,速度越慢就越先比赛,而且在每一个小组中成绩越好、速度越快的选手也就越靠近中间的泳道。这被称为 **_ straight seeding _ ** 。

当 游泳运动员 在锦标赛比赛过程中,他们通常要游两次。 通过在预赛中相互竞争,前 12 名或者 16 名 游泳运动员 将继续在决赛中继续彼此竞争。 为了预赛工作更公平, 采用 **_ circle _ ** ** seeded ** ,这样使得速度最快的 3 名选手分别处于最迅速 3 个小组的中心泳道。在剩下的选手中再选出速度最好的 3 名选手,等等。

我们要实现这个选拔模式并且使用工厂方法。

首先,设计抽象事件类:

Public Class Events

Protected numLanes As Integer

Protected swmmers As Swimmers

'-----

Public Sub New ( ByVal Filename As String , ByVal lanes As Integer )

MyBase .New()

Dim s As String

Dim sw As Swimmer

Dim fl As vbFile

fl = New vbFile(Filename) ' 打开一个文本文件

fl.OpenForRead()

numLanes = lanes ' 保存泳道数量信息

swmmers = New Swimmers

' 读取游泳选手信息

s = fl.readLine

While Not fl.fEOF

sw = New Swimmer(s) ' 建立对象

swmmers.Add(sw) 'add to list

s = fl.readLine

End While

fl.closeFile()

End Sub

'-----

Public Function getSwimmers() As ArrayList

getSwimmers = swmmers

End Function

'-----

Public Overridable Function isPrelim() As Boolean

End Function

'-----

Public Overridable Function isFinal() As Boolean

End Function

'-----

Public Overridable Function isTimedFinal() As Boolean

End Function

'-----

Public Overridable Function getSeeding() As Seeding

End Function

End Class

因为所有的派生类都要从文本文件读取数据,所以,我们把 Events 类作为基类。其中所定义的方法均为虚方法,可以通过继承 Events 类来实现具体的类( PrelimEvent 类、 TimedFinalEvent 类 ),这两个类之间唯一的不同就是返回的选拔的类别不同。我们也定义了一个包含以下方法的抽象选拔类:

Public MustInherit Class Seeding

Protected numLanes As Integer

Protected laneOrder As ArrayList

Protected numHeats As Integer

Private asw() As Swimmer

Protected sw As Swimmers

'-----

Public Function getSeeding() As Swimmers

getSeeding = sw

End Function

'-----

Public Function getHeat() As Integer

End Function

'-----

Public Function getCount() As Integer

getCount = sw.Count

End Function

'-----

Public MustOverride Sub seed()

'-----

Public Function getSwimmers() As ArrayList

getSwimmers = sw

End Function

'-----

Public Function getHeats() As Integer

Return numHeats

End Function

'-----

Public Function odd( ByVal n As Integer ) As Boolean

odd = (n \ 2) * 2 <> n

End Function

'-----

Public Function calcLaneOrder( ByVal lns As Integer ) As ArrayList

numLanes = lns

Dim lanes(numLanes) As Integer

Dim i As Integer

Dim mid, incr, ln As Integer

mid = (numLanes \ 2)

If (odd(numLanes)) Then

mid = mid + 1

End If

incr = 1

ln = mid

For i = 0 To numLanes - 1

lanes(i) = ln

ln = mid + incr

incr = -incr

If (incr > 0) Then

incr = incr + 1

End If

Next i

laneOrder = New ArrayList

For i = 0 To numLanes - 1

laneOrder.Add(lanes(i))

Next i

calcLaneOrder = laneOrder

End Function

Public Sub New ( ByVal swmrs As Swimmers, ByVal lanes As Integer )

MyBase .New()

sw = swmrs

numLanes = lanes

End Sub

'-------------------

Public Function sort( ByVal sw As Swimmers) As Swimmers

Dim i, j, max As Integer

Dim tmp As Swimmer

Try

max = sw.Count

Dim asw(max) As Swimmer

For i = 0 To max - 1

asw(i) = CType (sw.Item(i), Swimmer)

Next i

For i = 0 To max - 1

For j = i To max - 1

If asw(i).getTime > asw(j).getTime Then

tmp = asw(i)

asw(j) = asw(i)

asw(i) = tmp

End If

Next j

Next i

sw = New Swimmers

For i = 0 To max - 1

sw.Add(asw(i))

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